The recently observed changes in the Arctic are caused by interaction of multiple factors and already significantly impact people and ecosystems. For example, changes in biodiversity, land use, increased natural resource exploitation, and marine transportation are closely interlinked with social, cultural and economic activities. Significant pressure on the environment caused by human activities on all spatial scales will lead to further, probably larger, changes in the future. Thus, understanding the interaction of the human and environmental domains in the Arctic and their interplay with globe processes are the major focal points of the ISAC study.